Websites For a passing reference to a website in text, the URL is sufficient; no reference list entry is needed. Basically, provide the following four pieces of information: Author, A. More information Publication Manual 6th ed. In-Text Citations In-text citations consist of the surname s of the author s and the year of publication. If there is no author, use the title or a short form of the title, if it is lengthy and the year.
Titles that are italicized in the reference list are italicized in text; titles that are not italicized in the reference list appear in quotation marks. Whole e-book: Author, A. Interviews The citation of interviews depends on the nature of the interview.
Third-party interviews: If the interview is in a form that is recoverable e. Informational interviews: If you have interviewed someone for information about your topic and that person has agreed to be identified as a source, cite the source as a personal communication in text only : G. Fink-Nottle, personal communication, April 5, Personal communications do not have reference list entries because they cannot be retrieved.
Facebook Although the Publication Manual 6th ed. Twitter Although the Publication Manual 6th ed. DOIs A digital object identifier DOI is a unique string of letters, numbers, and symbols assigned to a published work to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.
All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. APA American Psychological Association style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , 6 th ed.
Note: This page reflects APA 6, which is now out of date. It will remain online until , but will not be updated. The equivalent APA 7 page can be found here. This resource presents the changes made between the fifth and sixth editions. Please note that the first printing of the APA sixth edition contained misprints; if you are using the APA manual, make sure you are using at least the second printing of the sixth edition.
Traditionally, psychologists were the main users of APA, but recently, students and writers in other fields began using APA style. Therefore, the sixth edition was written with a broader audience in mind. The changes made to the sixth edition reflect this broader audience.
In addition to providing guidance on grammar, the mechanics of writing, and APA style, this manual offers an authoritative reference and citation system. It also covers the treatment of numbers, statistical and mathematical data, tables and figures.
Frequently Asked Questions from the APA website Quick answers to common questions about using APA style, including questions about formatting, headings, title page, etc. Subjects: Citation help. Smith, It identifies the full source in the reference list. Reference list entry : Full publication details listed on the reference page , which appears at the end of your paper. The reference provides all the information needed to find the source, e. Smith, P. Are your APA in-text citations flawless?
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